The Colonization Of The Chesapeake And Then New England

As English settlers arrived in the Chesapeake and then New England in the seventeenth century, they disembarked their boats and marveled at the seeming abundance of the landscape. They arrived with hopes of recreating their â€Å"old world† and prospering from the merchantable commodities that were lying before them. However, English colonization did not occur in a vacuum, and the settlers soon discovered that their survival would be dependent upon a forged coexistence with the native inhabitants. Surrounded by Indian worlds, the colonists established unique regional identities, with the south becoming dependent upon the cultivation of tobacco and the use of slave labor, and the north establishing subsistence family farms and developing a commercial economy. This capitalist system eventually reshaped the colonies, leading to continued expansion that transformed the American landscape, destroyed the delicate intercultural diplomacy with the natives, and cemented territorial dis tinctions – creating â€Å"new worlds for all.† By the end of the eighteenth century, the Chesapeake had managed to closely replicate England by establishing a hierarchical society based largely around class. In Alan Kulikoff’s Tobacco Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680-1800, he attributes this development to the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop, and African slave labor. In the seventeenth century, many wealthy planters had come to dominate not only the tidewaterShow MoreRelatedEssay Chesapeake Vs. New England Colonies763 Words   |  4 Pagesin the early days of colonization when the Chesapeake and New England colonies grew into distinctive societies. Even though both regions were primarily English, they had similarities as well as striking differences. The differentiating characteristics among the Chesapeake and New England colonies developed due to geography, religion, and motives for colonial expansion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Virginia, the Chesapeake Bay area, was not interested in long-term colonization in America. Most emigrantsRead MoreNew England Settlers vs. the Chesapeake Settlers Dbq810 Words   |  4 Pages to the land mistakenly named the Indies. English migration to the Chesapeake region spread over nearly a century, whereas voyagers to New England arrived within a single decade. One would think that since the English settled both of these regions, both of their societies would develop quite similarly, but one could not be more wrong. The variations of the societies that developed in the Chesapeake region and the New England region occurred because the settlers had different motivations pertainingRead MoreChesapeake Colonies vs. New England Colonies933 Words   |  4 Pagescolonies emerged from England in the New World. The two colonies were called the Chesapeake and New England colonies. Even though the two areas were formed and governed by the English, the colonie s had similarities as well as differences. Differences in geography, religion, politics, economic, and nationalities, were responsible for molding the colonies. These differences came from one major factor: the very reason the English settlers came to the New World. †¨The Chesapeake colonies were primarilyRead MoreThe New England Area And The Chesapeake Area845 Words   |  4 PagesThe English were early settlers in America. Two of their areas of settlement were the New England area and the Chesapeake area. Even though these two places were settled by the same country, both of their societies were very different. The main reasons for their differences were their motives for colonization, slavery, and religion. The main motive of New England was to serve God, and to be a â€Å"City upon a hill† as said by John Winthrop in the Mayflower Compact, document A, â€Å"We must consider thatRead More DBQ on Differences Between New England and Chesapeake Area Essay752 Words   |  4 PagesThese English colonists immigrated to the New World for either economic prosperity or religious freedom. During colonization, two regions were formed, New England and the Chesapeake Bay area. The two contrasting societies of New England and Chesapeake region were the results of diversity of: social and family structure; health and living conditions; economy; religion and beliefs; and government policies. As stated in Document A, unity was encouraged among New Englanders, which developed into closeRead MoreThe English Colonization And Settlement Essay1113 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss the English colonization and settlement in the New World (North America) that would eventually end up with thirteen colonies for the English. How did the English colonization and settlement in the Chesapeake and southern colonies differ from that in New England? What factors motivated people to settle in the different regions? What effect did the English Protestant Reformation in the mid-1500s have on the desire of Englishmen to migrate to the New World? [Hint: the New England colonies.] How didRead MoreCompare And Contrast The Chesapeake And New England Colonies1071 Words   |  5 Pages After Spain’s era of domination in the New World, the English also started to establish colonies and settle in the New World. To encourage the colonization of the New World, England offered charters to Joint-Stock Companies and individuals to set up colonies in the New World. Although the Chesapeake and New England settlers both migrated from England, the two regions of the New World developed into distinctly different societies due to different economic reasons, types of people, and political organizationRead MoreComparing and Contrasting the Colonial Regions Established in British North America1180 Words   |  5 PagesRegions Established in British North America British North America by the mid 1700’s consisted of three major regions. The New England region included the colonies of Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. The Middle Region included the colonies of New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. The Southern Region, also known as the Chesapeake Colonies, included the Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Although all three regions consistedRead MoreThe Regions of Colonial America Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesBy the 1700’s, New England, the Chesapeake region and the Southern Colonies developed into three distinct societies, despite coming from the same mother country, England. The regions of Colonial America each had a distinctive culture and economy entirely different from the other regions. Religion and religious tolerance was completely different in each region, running from being free to complete persecution. Ethnicity and racial composition ranged from almost complete British descent to a wide rangeRead MoreColonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 Essay1441 Words   |  6 PagesCHAPTER-3: Colonization and Conflict in the South, 1600-1750 CHAPTER OVERVIEW Instead of becoming havens for the English poor and unemployed, or models of interracial harmony, the southern colonies of seventeenth-century North America were weakened by disease, wracked by recurring conflicts with Native Americans, and disrupted by profit-hungry planters’ exploitation of poor whites and blacks alike. Many of the tragedies of Spanish colonization and England’s conquest of Ireland were repeated

Lady Macbeth - 960 Words

The transformation of ones character through out the years of experience and age is wholesome. To lower somebody s character through a very quick period of time of fast decisions and unsure actions is going to expose them to danger or injury. In the play Lady Macbeth proves this to be true. The emotional mistakes shredded the journey Lady Macbeth puts down throughout this play and eventually ends in her death. She feels overpowered by everything that is happening in two ways, both mentally and physically and decides to end her own life. Play Macbeth by William Shakespeare shows two proper ordinary nobles whose lives twisted together in a whirlwind of power and the crazy resulting in their plunge. They were so caught up in this selfish†¦show more content†¦Her control over him has died and also over herself and also her control is fading away as each second passes by. The burning fire she had before which brought Macbeth the kingship is nothing more than a minute spark. She d oes not give any more suggestions or plans about anything throughout the rest of the play. She is now dependent on Macbeth here before Macbeth was dependent on her. By the end of the play she practically goes insane and finally realizes that most of this is a result of her incapability everything else falls including Macbeth. In conclusion Lady Macbeth s character gradually breaks down due to unyielding strength and unsteady control of her husband. Her determination is not a result of wrong decisions and actions but many other factors played an important role in this tragedy. Some like: regardless of supernatural forces, intimidating personality, and the cruel ambition to achieve kingship. Possibly as a result of these factors Lady Macbeth ends her own life and Macbeth almost causes his disproval too. Macbeth realizes that his wife s death looks more like an escape from their worthless life. Maybe if Macbeth and his wife were happy with who they were, they would not let ambition, authority, power and supernatural destroy their chances atShow MoreRelatedLady Macbeth940 Words   |  4 PagesLady Macbeth Shakespeare, who was a writer born in Stratford-upon-Avon created many different plays, in which he always portrayed the woman as the â€Å"bad guy.† He was born in 1564 and he was a writer, actor and a dramatist. He wrote many plays, mostly revolving around tragedy such as: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet and Macbeth. Shakespeare was a respected poet, and writer who received recognition after he passed away, April 23rd. 1616. One of Shakespeare’s well-known tragic plays ``Macbeth`` describes howRead MoreLady Macbeth1003 Words   |  5 PagesLady Macbeth Lady Macbeth is the most interesting and complex character in the play. She is, in fact, the point on which the action pivots: without her there is no play. Macbeth s most interesting and complex character is most certainly, as the question states, Lady Macbeth. The purpose of this essay is to describe Lady Macbeth s role in the play and discuss why this makes her the most fascinating character. Her evil doings are the main reasons why she dominates the plot so greatly.Read MoreThe Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Essay3134 Words   |  13 PagesThe Relationship Between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth Macbeth and Lady Macbeth face an extraordinary situation involving a strong supernatural theme and murder and treason of the highest kind. However Shakespeare still cleverly manages to make Lady Macbeth and Macbeth relate to audiences of all eras and to convey a strong moral message within his play. The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth is fascinating to study. Shakespeare constantly changes their attitudeRead MoreLady Macbeth1937 Words   |  8 PagesLady Macbeth Essay I am going to do an essay on a play called Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare. The play is a tragedy, believed to have been written in 1611-12. The play is about a man named Macbeth whom, at first is a kind, tender man who later gets tempted by three foul witches to commit a murder in order to become king. Macbeth’s wife, Lady Macbeth is thrilled by the prophecies given by the witches and is eager for Macbeth to commit the murder. Macbeth disagrees with his wife greatlyRead MoreThe Death Of Lady Macbeth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesbegin with one of Shakespeare’s most beloved and tragic plays, Macbeth. Set in 11th century Scotland there is more than one logical way to interpret the signs, symbols and themes of this intriguing story. There is more than one mystery and obscurity in this play that seems to be left open to the interpretation and imagination of the reader. One compelling occasion in particular is that of the death and supposed suicide of Lady Macbeth. Many critics, readers and other interpreters have discussed theRead MoreLady Macbeth vs. Serena Essay836 Words   |  4 Pages Comparing Serena and Lady Macbeth It is no secret that Ron Rash’s Serena is a very similar character in comparison to Shakespeare’s Lady Macbeth. These two women are very much alike and only slightly different. Though Rash does not claim to base his work off of Macbeth, the two characters resemble each other in a couple different ways. Serena and Lady Macbeth are alike in the fact that they are both ambitious, malicious, and cold-blooded women who are driven by their love for their husbands.Read MoreEssay on Lady Macbeth1109 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the tragedy of Macbeth we observe two people on their attempt to gain power and glory through various foul actions. It can be argued that Lady Macbeth is the one responsible for triggering a slippage into this inevitable situation that led to their descent. From the moment Macbeth became aware of his â€Å"fate† Lady Macbeth started forming her own imaginary world in which her evil plans seemed likely to be effective. The thought of she and her husband being royalty makes her dismiss rationalityRead MoreThe Downfall of Lady Macbeth1371 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Macbeth, Lady Macbeth’s desire and ambition leads to her eventual downfall. When Lady Macbeth hears of Macbeth’s prophecy she dreams of the glory and high-standing that awaits being queen. She cannot withhold her ambitions and she is willing to manipulate fate to bring about Macbeth’s prophecy. She invokes evil spirits to be filled from head to toe with cruelty to do the evil actions necessary to make Macbeth king and to remove all remorse and pity for her action from her heart.Read More Lady Macbeth Essay1275 Words   |  6 Pages Term Paper On Lady Macbeth William Shakespeare created a dynamic character called lady Macbeth; she was the total opposite of what women of the Shakespearian era were supposed to be. Despite qualities women were supposed to have in Shakespeare’s time, Lady Macbeth defied the way most women of her time acted. Lady Macbeth defied the ways of women of her time by being manipulative, ambitious, and ruthless. Women’s lifestyles back in Shakespeare’s time period was very different from the modern dayRead MoreLady Macbeth Essay1334 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare portrays Lady Macbeth differently throughout the play. Before the murder of Duncan, she is more naà ¯ve and pure compared to after the murder of King Duncan, where she starts the road to insanity and nervousness. At the very start of the play during Act 1 Scene 5, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth have a very close relationship and they would tell each other anything. At the start of the scene, Lady Macbeth is reading a letter from her husband, Macbeth. Within the letter Macbeth tells her a lot of

Renaissance Of Filmmaking French New Wave Essay Paper Example For Students

Renaissance Of Filmmaking: French New Wave Essay Paper Maybe the period right after the world war was the most revolutionary period in film history with the Italians having their neo-realism and the French having their new wave. French new wave was set miles apart from the traditional French cinema. It was bold, young, strong, sharp, and innovative and honestly a New Wave in every sense. In the asss some French film critics led this informal movement, which would in turn, inspire and change the way the world viewed cinema. It can be called the renaissance of film-making. The directors of French New Wave were not set into any mould. Each had their own style, specialty and a thirst to make something unique. From the movies made during this era some may be forgotten but many are still viewed and highly recommended. The tides of this new wave reached to shores of all big film industries across the world. The direction styles were distinctive. The director did not follow a pre-determined script. A lot of work was done impulsively. The locations werent artificially created. All real locations were used: the directors believed that it would help maintain the authenticity of the story. The same was the reason to use natural lighting instead of artificial lighting. The sounds in the films were natural and direct unlike the mainstream indirect sounds. All these factors contributed to making French New Wave movies extremely real-like. Not Just this, the language was kept colloquial-no heavy dialogues, no larger-than life emotions venting through the words-everything was kept as day-to-day as possible. To add on to this colloquialism the actors were almost always non-professionals, which meant that their body language wouldnt be conditioned, their expressions would be real and their ordinary appearance would make the characters look authentic. All these factors also resulted in the fact that the director did not need a horde of man force and could work conveniently with a select few people. The low budgets that these films were given suited the directors Just fine because they anyway needed very basic things for their films: Real locations did not cost anything, no need for artificial lighting and non-professional actors did not need to be paid handsomely. The two much captioned adjectives that could be used for French New Wave could be Free and Original. Free in a way that nothing about the New Wave movies was confined to form or a single method. Freestyle direction, camera handling, storytelling methods, etc were the identifying traits of French new wave. The fact that many scenes did not use a stationary camera and instead used a handheld camera sets it apart. When it came to French new wave nothing was set in stone. The director acted on his intuition. Discontinuity of scenes is a major aspect of French new wave. It is very simple to notice it in any movie that belongs to it. The same went with the sound part of French New Wave films. The fact that these directors used direct sound sometimes eave the films a very documentary feel and also to add that there wasnt a particular way of narrating the story. The 1960 French new wave film, Breathless came and it did have a lot of elements which made it a very characteristic French New Wave film. The bold scenes of sexual appeal or the selfishness of who are supposedly lovers is but in the way its made, its bold, vibrant and innovative. Even though now such movies are common, in the asss it was a revolution. French new wave might not be a formal and pre-planned movement but It happened at the right place and at the sight time and its effect to this day are seen all round the world. .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .postImageUrl , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:hover , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:visited , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:active { border:0!important; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:active , .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9666be4e96ad319b79ff9620c2f3ee5c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Music Quiz (Renaissance/Baroque)The fact that the Indian Art-film industry holds a lot of influence from the French new wave is a good example as any. The stories of French new wave films were all different but what set them apart from the rest of the world was their difference in storytelling, even though this difference was not uniform in the French New Wave films. It has inspired a lot of big directors to make films which were the mark of excellence and will keep doing so. It showed that any story of any kind can always break rules and be shown in a different style.

Multinational Corporation McDonald’s in Turkey and the United Kingdom Essay Example

Multinational Corporation: McDonald’s in Turkey and the United Kingdom Essay McDonald’s is one of the largest franchise corporations in the world. This factor alone makes the company a multinational corporation with many locations. While McDonald’s is known for its one dollar burgers and crisp French fries, the company often has to adapt to its surroundings and to the culture of the country in which it is doing business. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and compare two of McDonald’s international locations: McDonald’s Turkey and McDonald’s UK. Based upon these analyses, the writer will be able to draw conclusions in regards to the substantive competitive future of the McDonald’s franchise in these countries.McDonald’s TurkeyCompany backgroundMcDonald’s has been in Turkey for over 20 years. In fact, the corporation celebrated its 20th year in the country in 2006. At that time, the franchise was yielding more effective results than various other McDonald restaurants throughout the world. After reach ing this point, McDonald’s partnered with the Andolu Group and decided to open additional restaurants throughout the country. Such a partnership resulted in a substantive competitive advantage for McDonald’s in Turkey. Moreover, McDonald’s Turkey’s restructuring efforts enabled the corporation to increase sales in a tremendous way (Turkish—U.S. Business Council, 2006).Thus, McDonald’s Turkey is seeing â€Å"†¦135,000 people visit McDonald’s restaurants daily in Turkey†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (TAIK, 2006, para. 4). In addition, the corporation has given over 50,000 employees a memorable start to their work careers. Not only that, McDonald’s Turkey has 20 years worth of sales that have resulted in â€Å"†¦375 million sandwiches, 28,000 tons of meat, 35 million liters of milk and 110,000 tons of potatoes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (TAIK, 2006, para. 5). All the sandwiches, drinks, and French fries being sold means that people are visiting Mc Donald’s Turkey.Business, culture and tourismAs a result, tourism in the country brings in additional customers. Yet, in order for tourists to reach Turkey from other countries, they must have adequate transportation. Well, â€Å"Boeing Co. said on Thursday Turkey’s Sky Airlines ordered three of its Next-Generation 737-900ER jetliners, worth $226 million at list prices† (The Gemini Post, 2006, Turkey’s Sky Airlines†¦, para. 1). This planes offer a quick method of travel to and from the country. However, transportation is not the only business flourishing in Turkey, so is the real estate market.Some real estate chains are internationally locating their headquarters at Century 21’s Turkey office. This alone brings in additional culture. Consequently, either the newcomers will adapt to the Turkish ways of live or implement new traditions. In fact, The Gemini Post (2006) discussed, â€Å"Turkey has become a favorite of real estate chains because of its recent performance, together with its special geographic location between Europe and the Middle East, Realty World Turket CEO†¦said† (Turkish real estate†¦, para. 1). What do these things have to do with McDonald’s Turkey? It depends on the situation.New business often means people coming to the country for conferences, training seminars, career changes, study abroad, etc. Also, in 2006, Larson indicated at the Business Partners Day that,†¦McDonald’s (sic) went through global problems five years ago. This was felt more in Turkey because of the 2001 crisis. But with the new leadership plan we implemented in 2002, we have profited for 36 consecutive months around the world. (The Gemini Post, 2006, McDonald’s 20th year in Turkey, para. 1)Significantly, the 2001 situation mentioned refers to the 9/11 attacks that occurred in the United States. These attacks caused some division amongst countries and lead to the â€Å"War on Terrorismâ₠¬  which has created controversy in many nations. Consequently, any multinational corporation that is successful in another country has to be doing something right. Furthermore, the fact that Google opened up an office in Turkey only enhances McDonald’s Turkey profitability potential (The Gemini Post, 2006, Googles opens office in Turkey). Google is a company that serves as an Internet search engine. Thus, any Americans visiting Turkey who want a familiar location to frequent can find out where the nearest McDonald’s is from their living quarters. Remarkably, McDonald’s Turkey also knows when to align itself with well-known brands, such as Coca-Cola.Strategic alliancesMcDonald’s and Coca-Cola of Turkey signed a deal to work together. At first, Coca-Cola only worked with Burger King. This was not good for McDonald’s since Burger King is one of the franchises fiercest competitors. Yet, Coca-Cola saw the growth and profitability potential that McDona ld’s Turkey possessed. Thus, although the two companies began a slow growth in its partnership ventures, that growth is gradually increasing (United World, 2005). However, a strong ally does not prevent problems from occurring.Effects of the War on TerrorismOne problem with trying to bring the American culture to another country is the possibility of war, terrorism, and vandalism. For example, in 2004, a bomb went off near a Turkish McDonald’s restaurant. It was noted that â€Å"Several McDonald’s restaurants have been targeted by attacks in Turkey in the past† (Israel is real, 2004, para. 5). Thus, some individuals take out their displeasure for the wars in various places on United States’ companies through the methods of vandalism and retaliation. It is almost as if some Turkish individuals believe that McDonald’s is doing nothing for the country.How McDonald’s is improving TurkeyMcDonald’s, however, is improving the country. Just opening restaurants is not the only thing McDonald’s is doing for Turkey. While the first McDonald’s Turkey opened in October 1986 in Istanbul, the corporation has given back in a mass consumer culture type of way. Codrington (2005) explained,Because the foreign, or American, image of McDonald’s is attractive to people in many countries, local businesses sometimes copy as much of the name and image as they believe they can get away with†¦This is a contemporary example of cultural adaptation. (p. 704)Yet, reverse adaptation occurs as well. For example, McDonald’s Turkey has a chilled yogurt drink that is called an Ayran. So, McDonald’s Turkey is a franchise that other companies are trying to model their organizations against as well as a corporation that does what is necessary to be successful. Is McDonald’s UK the same way? Yes and no.McDonald’s UKBrief historyMcDonald’s UK opened its first restaurant in 1974. The co rporation now serves over 2.5 million people. In fact, McDonald’s UK strives hard to offer convenient locations that are easily accessible. As a result, some of the restaurants are located around cross-channel ferries and in bowling alleys (McDonald’s Corporation, 2007, Restaurant Development). Not only that, McDonald’s UK has Student Information Packs that students can use to find out about the company. The company also recruits students and employs future leaders (McDonald’s Corporation, 2007).Achieving a competitive advantageYet, to achieve a substantive competitive advantage, McDonald’s UK has done many things. For example, the company is putting a 55-page patent on how a sandwich is made. Thus, the franchise will own the intellectual property rights. Significantly, the patent will be filed in both the United States and Europe. McDonald’s UK is hoping that this strategic move will enable the corporation to develop the same tasting sandwi ch in all its restaurants (Metro, 2006).Another strategic move that McDonald’s UK made was to change the yellow golden arches to a yellow question mark. The corporation also addressed the obesity issue by offering bagels with cream cheese, fresh fruit, cappuccino, and free-range eggs. All of these things occurred with the McDonald’s in Europe (Pfanner, 2004).However, probably the single biggest thing that McDonald’s UK is doing from a people’s perspective is allowing families to job share. All the family has to do is get approval from the manager and they can work each other’s shifts. This type of job sharing reduces absenteeism and improves staff retention (BBC News ¹, 2006). As a result, it can be said that employees are highly motivated and that this motivation increases productivity. This is extremely important because McDonald’s UK had to close 25 outlets due to low sales. Sadly, the close of these outlets resulted in a cost of $40 mi llion in the 1st quarter of 2006. The costly situation first began to surface for the company as far back as 2003 when the â€Å"Plan to Win† revitalization strategy was implemented (BBC News ², 2006). Significantly, achieving a cost reduction is part of McDonald’s UK’s strategy to increase profits. Thus, 50 outlets will be converted to franchises (BBC News ², 2006).Environmentally friendlyConsequently, McDonald’s UK will increase its profitability potential. Yet, the corporation is helping the community profit as well. McDonald’s UK is giving back to the community in an environmentally friendly way. The Daily Grist (2007) wrote,†¦McDonald’s has announced that it will run all its U.K. vehicles on biodiesel—from its own greasy grills! The chain will convert the 155-lorry fleet to a mix of 85 percent fry grease and 15 percent rapeseed oil by next year, and says the switch will cut its U.K. carbon emissions 75 percent. (para. 1) As a result, McDonald’s UK is helping to reduce the smog problem while minimizing the cost of fuel.In addition, the corporation is converting waste (trash) to stored electricity and heat. This energy supply is being used to power hospitals, community facilities, and local buildings. Furthermore, The Guides Network (2007) mentioned,†¦McDonald’s have also rolled out new environmentally friendly technologies and techniques within their restaurants. These include solar panels, wind power, recycling schemes for the large quantity of cardboard they use and also energy efficient lighting on their premises. (para. 7)While all these things are good and more than enough for the corporation to flourish in the UK, McDonald’s takes giving one step further. The corporation provides free WiFi wireless Internet access in about 1,200 UK restaurants (McDonald’s UK, 2007). A move as bold as this is what sets McDonald’s apart from many of the corporation’s competitors.Market powerYet, McDonald’s knows how to be competitive from a meat standpoint as well. This would mean that the corporation has a cost advantage in its food distribution. Sadly, some food processing, wholesale, and food services’ companies may not. Bunte and Vavra (2006) pointed out,Food wholesale traders buy and sell less and less on their own account, but rather provide logistic services to retailers. Food service is still far less concentrated than food retailing and food processing. On the other hand, there are large food service companies (e.g. McDonalds) which may derive market power from both their size and their market share. More important is probably the fact that growth in food services limits the possibilities for food retailing to exert the provision of alternative distribution channels. (p. 15)What does this say about McDonald’s UK? The main thing is that the McDonald’s franchise knows how to adapt to its surroundings: whether it is in strategic alliances, prices, distribution, the environment, or even to the people.ConclusionOne must keep in mind that McDonald’s restaurants are managed by individuals because a store does not manage itself. Yet, as a franchise, a model exists in which all McDonald’s restaurants can learn from. While the name, McDonald’s, may easily bring in customers, the restaurants still need to be managed. McDonald’s management must be trained about how to deal with diversity, conflicts of interest, and cultural differences. This was evident in the paper as in McDonald’s UK, the employees were able to job share with their families.Thus, McDonald’s is doing quite well as a multinational corporation. In Turkey, the corporation has over 20 years of experience. Therefore, McDonald’s Turkey has brought many first impressions to the communities and to its employees. Such ties as these are reasons why McDonald’s Turkey is retaining a sub stantive competitive advantage. As for McDonald’s UK, well, the corporation is becoming a model organization; one in which followers seek leadership. Not only that, McDonald’s UK is minimizing costs while reducing waste. These two qualities help the corporation gain loyalty. Most importantly, however, is the fact that McDonald’s UK altered its golden arches to a yellow question mark. This factor alone proves the corporation is willing to compromise with and adapt to its environment. As a result, McDonald’s UK can develop a substantive competitive advantage. Multinational Corporation McDonald’s in Turkey and the United Kingdom Essay Example Multinational Corporation: McDonald’s in Turkey and the United Kingdom Essay McDonald’s is one of the largest franchise corporations in the world. This factor alone makes the company a multinational corporation with many locations. While McDonald’s is known for its one dollar burgers and crisp French fries, the company often has to adapt to its surroundings and to the culture of the country in which it is doing business. The purpose of this essay is to discuss and compare two of McDonald’s international locations: McDonald’s Turkey and McDonald’s UK. Based upon these analyses, the writer will be able to draw conclusions in regards to the substantive competitive future of the McDonald’s franchise in these countries.McDonald’s TurkeyCompany backgroundMcDonald’s has been in Turkey for over 20 years. In fact, the corporation celebrated its 20th year in the country in 2006. At that time, the franchise was yielding more effective results than various other McDonald restaurants throughout the world. After reach ing this point, McDonald’s partnered with the Andolu Group and decided to open additional restaurants throughout the country. Such a partnership resulted in a substantive competitive advantage for McDonald’s in Turkey. Moreover, McDonald’s Turkey’s restructuring efforts enabled the corporation to increase sales in a tremendous way (Turkish—U.S. Business Council, 2006).Thus, McDonald’s Turkey is seeing â€Å"†¦135,000 people visit McDonald’s restaurants daily in Turkey†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (TAIK, 2006, para. 4). In addition, the corporation has given over 50,000 employees a memorable start to their work careers. Not only that, McDonald’s Turkey has 20 years worth of sales that have resulted in â€Å"†¦375 million sandwiches, 28,000 tons of meat, 35 million liters of milk and 110,000 tons of potatoes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (TAIK, 2006, para. 5). All the sandwiches, drinks, and French fries being sold means that people are visiting Mc Donald’s Turkey.Business, culture and tourismAs a result, tourism in the country brings in additional customers. Yet, in order for tourists to reach Turkey from other countries, they must have adequate transportation. Well, â€Å"Boeing Co. said on Thursday Turkey’s Sky Airlines ordered three of its Next-Generation 737-900ER jetliners, worth $226 million at list prices† (The Gemini Post, 2006, Turkey’s Sky Airlines†¦, para. 1). This planes offer a quick method of travel to and from the country. However, transportation is not the only business flourishing in Turkey, so is the real estate market.Some real estate chains are internationally locating their headquarters at Century 21’s Turkey office. This alone brings in additional culture. Consequently, either the newcomers will adapt to the Turkish ways of live or implement new traditions. In fact, The Gemini Post (2006) discussed, â€Å"Turkey has become a favorite of real estate chains because of its recent performance, together with its special geographic location between Europe and the Middle East, Realty World Turket CEO†¦said† (Turkish real estate†¦, para. 1). What do these things have to do with McDonald’s Turkey? It depends on the situation.New business often means people coming to the country for conferences, training seminars, career changes, study abroad, etc. Also, in 2006, Larson indicated at the Business Partners Day that,†¦McDonald’s (sic) went through global problems five years ago. This was felt more in Turkey because of the 2001 crisis. But with the new leadership plan we implemented in 2002, we have profited for 36 consecutive months around the world. (The Gemini Post, 2006, McDonald’s 20th year in Turkey, para. 1)Significantly, the 2001 situation mentioned refers to the 9/11 attacks that occurred in the United States. These attacks caused some division amongst countries and lead to the â€Å"War on Terrorismâ₠¬  which has created controversy in many nations. Consequently, any multinational corporation that is successful in another country has to be doing something right. Furthermore, the fact that Google opened up an office in Turkey only enhances McDonald’s Turkey profitability potential (The Gemini Post, 2006, Googles opens office in Turkey). Google is a company that serves as an Internet search engine. Thus, any Americans visiting Turkey who want a familiar location to frequent can find out where the nearest McDonald’s is from their living quarters. Remarkably, McDonald’s Turkey also knows when to align itself with well-known brands, such as Coca-Cola.Strategic alliancesMcDonald’s and Coca-Cola of Turkey signed a deal to work together. At first, Coca-Cola only worked with Burger King. This was not good for McDonald’s since Burger King is one of the franchises fiercest competitors. Yet, Coca-Cola saw the growth and profitability potential that McDona ld’s Turkey possessed. Thus, although the two companies began a slow growth in its partnership ventures, that growth is gradually increasing (United World, 2005). However, a strong ally does not prevent problems from occurring.Effects of the War on TerrorismOne problem with trying to bring the American culture to another country is the possibility of war, terrorism, and vandalism. For example, in 2004, a bomb went off near a Turkish McDonald’s restaurant. It was noted that â€Å"Several McDonald’s restaurants have been targeted by attacks in Turkey in the past† (Israel is real, 2004, para. 5). Thus, some individuals take out their displeasure for the wars in various places on United States’ companies through the methods of vandalism and retaliation. It is almost as if some Turkish individuals believe that McDonald’s is doing nothing for the country.How McDonald’s is improving TurkeyMcDonald’s, however, is improving the country. Just opening restaurants is not the only thing McDonald’s is doing for Turkey. While the first McDonald’s Turkey opened in October 1986 in Istanbul, the corporation has given back in a mass consumer culture type of way. Codrington (2005) explained,Because the foreign, or American, image of McDonald’s is attractive to people in many countries, local businesses sometimes copy as much of the name and image as they believe they can get away with†¦This is a contemporary example of cultural adaptation. (p. 704)Yet, reverse adaptation occurs as well. For example, McDonald’s Turkey has a chilled yogurt drink that is called an Ayran. So, McDonald’s Turkey is a franchise that other companies are trying to model their organizations against as well as a corporation that does what is necessary to be successful. Is McDonald’s UK the same way? Yes and no.McDonald’s UKBrief historyMcDonald’s UK opened its first restaurant in 1974. The co rporation now serves over 2.5 million people. In fact, McDonald’s UK strives hard to offer convenient locations that are easily accessible. As a result, some of the restaurants are located around cross-channel ferries and in bowling alleys (McDonald’s Corporation, 2007, Restaurant Development). Not only that, McDonald’s UK has Student Information Packs that students can use to find out about the company. The company also recruits students and employs future leaders (McDonald’s Corporation, 2007).Achieving a competitive advantageYet, to achieve a substantive competitive advantage, McDonald’s UK has done many things. For example, the company is putting a 55-page patent on how a sandwich is made. Thus, the franchise will own the intellectual property rights. Significantly, the patent will be filed in both the United States and Europe. McDonald’s UK is hoping that this strategic move will enable the corporation to develop the same tasting sandwi ch in all its restaurants (Metro, 2006).Another strategic move that McDonald’s UK made was to change the yellow golden arches to a yellow question mark. The corporation also addressed the obesity issue by offering bagels with cream cheese, fresh fruit, cappuccino, and free-range eggs. All of these things occurred with the McDonald’s in Europe (Pfanner, 2004).However, probably the single biggest thing that McDonald’s UK is doing from a people’s perspective is allowing families to job share. All the family has to do is get approval from the manager and they can work each other’s shifts. This type of job sharing reduces absenteeism and improves staff retention (BBC News ¹, 2006). As a result, it can be said that employees are highly motivated and that this motivation increases productivity. This is extremely important because McDonald’s UK had to close 25 outlets due to low sales. Sadly, the close of these outlets resulted in a cost of $40 mi llion in the 1st quarter of 2006. The costly situation first began to surface for the company as far back as 2003 when the â€Å"Plan to Win† revitalization strategy was implemented (BBC News ², 2006). Significantly, achieving a cost reduction is part of McDonald’s UK’s strategy to increase profits. Thus, 50 outlets will be converted to franchises (BBC News ², 2006).Environmentally friendlyConsequently, McDonald’s UK will increase its profitability potential. Yet, the corporation is helping the community profit as well. McDonald’s UK is giving back to the community in an environmentally friendly way. The Daily Grist (2007) wrote,†¦McDonald’s has announced that it will run all its U.K. vehicles on biodiesel—from its own greasy grills! The chain will convert the 155-lorry fleet to a mix of 85 percent fry grease and 15 percent rapeseed oil by next year, and says the switch will cut its U.K. carbon emissions 75 percent. (para. 1) As a result, McDonald’s UK is helping to reduce the smog problem while minimizing the cost of fuel.In addition, the corporation is converting waste (trash) to stored electricity and heat. This energy supply is being used to power hospitals, community facilities, and local buildings. Furthermore, The Guides Network (2007) mentioned,†¦McDonald’s have also rolled out new environmentally friendly technologies and techniques within their restaurants. These include solar panels, wind power, recycling schemes for the large quantity of cardboard they use and also energy efficient lighting on their premises. (para. 7)While all these things are good and more than enough for the corporation to flourish in the UK, McDonald’s takes giving one step further. The corporation provides free WiFi wireless Internet access in about 1,200 UK restaurants (McDonald’s UK, 2007). A move as bold as this is what sets McDonald’s apart from many of the corporation’s competitors.Market powerYet, McDonald’s knows how to be competitive from a meat standpoint as well. This would mean that the corporation has a cost advantage in its food distribution. Sadly, some food processing, wholesale, and food services’ companies may not. Bunte and Vavra (2006) pointed out,Food wholesale traders buy and sell less and less on their own account, but rather provide logistic services to retailers. Food service is still far less concentrated than food retailing and food processing. On the other hand, there are large food service companies (e.g. McDonalds) which may derive market power from both their size and their market share. More important is probably the fact that growth in food services limits the possibilities for food retailing to exert the provision of alternative distribution channels. (p. 15)What does this say about McDonald’s UK? The main thing is that the McDonald’s franchise knows how to adapt to its surroundings: whether it is in strategic alliances, prices, distribution, the environment, or even to the people.ConclusionOne must keep in mind that McDonald’s restaurants are managed by individuals because a store does not manage itself. Yet, as a franchise, a model exists in which all McDonald’s restaurants can learn from. While the name, McDonald’s, may easily bring in customers, the restaurants still need to be managed. McDonald’s management must be trained about how to deal with diversity, conflicts of interest, and cultural differences. This was evident in the paper as in McDonald’s UK, the employees were able to job share with their families.Thus, McDonald’s is doing quite well as a multinational corporation. In Turkey, the corporation has over 20 years of experience. Therefore, McDonald’s Turkey has brought many first impressions to the communities and to its employees. Such ties as these are reasons why McDonald’s Turkey is retaining a sub stantive competitive advantage. As for McDonald’s UK, well, the corporation is becoming a model organization; one in which followers seek leadership. Not only that, McDonald’s UK is minimizing costs while reducing waste. These two qualities help the corporation gain loyalty. Most importantly, however, is the fact that McDonald’s UK altered its golden arches to a yellow question mark. This factor alone proves the corporation is willing to compromise with and adapt to its environment. As a result, McDonald’s UK can develop a substantive competitive advantage.